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The Effect of Lichen on Nitrate Levels
"Nitrogen is often a limiting factor in plant growth and development. This investigation is meant to
discern, in a broad scope, the contribution of lichen to nitrate levels in the immediate vicinity of lichen covered trees. More specifically, this…
discern, in a broad scope, the contribution of lichen to nitrate levels in the immediate vicinity of lichen covered trees. More specifically, this…
Characteristics of Wild Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Hatchery-Raised Steelhead Returning to the Little Manistee Weir, Michigan
"Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a non-native anadromous salmonid, were first introduced into the Great Lakes in the 1800s. Since their introduction, naturally reproducing populations now occur in tributaries to all of the Great Lakes. In many…
Seasonal Food Plot Use by White-tailed deer Near Cedar, MI
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) forage on a variety of victuals and depend on these for survival and nutrients. With the baiting ban regulation in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, food plots have become an important source of nutrients for…
Habitat Use of Snowshoe Hare in Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula
Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) is an abundant species in northern boreal forests and they are they serve as prey for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). Canada lynx occur in Michigan at times when they are considered an endangered species, thus making…
Biological and Economic Survey of Aquatic Invasive Species in the St. Marys River, MI
One of the largest threats to biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems is invasive species. In the Great Lakes aquatic invasives, the rusty crayfish (O. rusticus) and zebra and quagga mussels (dreissenid mussels) are widespread and their distribution and…
Testing the Virtual Beach Escherichia coli Prediction Model on Sugar Island, MI
For over a third of the last three summers, beach water along the North Shore of Sugar Island, MI has been under swimming advisories due to fecal contamination. Currently, the State of Michigan mandates an 18 hour culture test be used to measure the…
Land Cover and Use Changes over 71 Years in the Ashmun Creek Watershed
"Melissa S. Behrmann of Sault Ste. Marie, MI studied the change of development over time in the Ashmun Creek Watershed, located in Sault Ste. Marie, MI. Development can be bad for watersheds because with development comes impervious surfaces,…
Street Tree Master Plan: City of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
"Trees play an integral role in the infrastructure of urban environments and their numerous benefits are very often overlooked. A master plan is a tool used to manage urban forests to allow a city to enhance the services that trees provide. With the…
The Influences of Pond Size on Fish Species Richness within a System of Small Mitigation Ponds in Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula
To determine the influence of pond size on fish species richness an assemblage of ponds were sampled in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Species richness is an important ecological indicator which can lead to conclusions about how these ponds…
Anthropogenic Factors Involved in Crippling Loss of Waterfowl
Crippling loss while waterfowl hunting is something that many hunters say “just happens”, when in reality it should be preventable. This study looked at several different parameters that can lead to crippling loss while hunting waterfowl. These…