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A Comparison of Habitat Suitability for American Martens (Martes Americana) in the Upper and Northern Lower Peninsulas of Michigan
Though native to Michigan, American martens (Martes americana) were eradicated from the state in the early 1900s due to habitat loss and overharvesting. In 2000 the species was reinstated as a game species in Michigan after decades of…
Comparing Virtual and Hands on Instruction of Cell Division
The recent growth of technology worldwide is not only effecting our everyday lives, but the lives of our students in the classroom as well. The push for online curriculums and virtual simulations has become a big part of the educational setting…
Habitat Suitability for Rocky Mountain Elk in Michigan's Eastern Upper Peninsula
Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis nelson) a popular and once prevalent North American game species suffered a rapid decline in the late 1800’s. Once extirpated from the state of Michigan In the elk were re-introduced in the early 1900’s with…
The Effects of Clostridium difficile Secreted-Substances on Normal Colon Microbiota Colonization
C. difficile infections occur as a result of an alteration in the normal bacterial flora of the colon. Overgrowth of toxin producing strains of C. difficile may result in C. difficile disease, characterized by diarrhea and colon mucosal inflammation.…
Return of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis) to Historical Lake Michigan Spawning Tributaries
Lake Whitefish once spawned in the many tributaries of the Green Bay of Lake Michigan until the early 1900’s. Recently it has been found that Lake Whitefish are returning to some of these historical spawning sites. While Lake Whitefish have been…
Common Raven Response to Simulated Wolf Kills in Northern Michigan
Many species of birds have behavioral attributes that aid in their survival: the common raven, Corvus corax, is no exception. Ravens are social birds of high intelligence. They are able to perform complex tasks when first given to them. When…
Tree Interactions with Their Landscape on Two Conservation Properties in the Sault Area
"Approximately 13 million hectares of forests globally are lost each year to deforestation (Natural Resource Canada, 2008). North America has forests spanning from coast to coast, however many of these forests are not protected from this destruction.…
The Territory Ranges of American Toads (Bufo Americanus) in a Residential Environment in Michigan's Upper Peninsula
"Previous research has indicted that Bufo americanus exhibit a homing instinct towards a specific territory (Dole 1972; Maynard 1934), and overwhelmingly prefer forest habitat to other habitat types (Forester et al. 2006; Rothermel and Semlitseh…
Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy and Neonatal Birth Weight
"Folic acid, a B-vitamin, is an important supplement for pregnant women; however, its role in birth weight is not completely understood. In fact, previous research has yielded conflicting results. Therefore, in this study, a meta-analysis was used to…
Changes in Terrestrial Invertabrate Subsidies and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Diets in the Two Hearted River, MI, Following a Wildfire
"In the western US, wildfires have been shown to alter terrestrial-aquatic linkages by reducing terrestrial inputs (e.g., terrestrial subsidies) that fuel stream food webs. Recently, a wildfire in
northern Michigan burned forest landscapes across…
northern Michigan burned forest landscapes across…