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Migratory fishes contribute essential nutrients to stream food webs via excretion during spawning runs. Historically in Great Lakes tributaries, native fish species provided nutrient subsidies during spawning runs; however, introduced fish species…

Suckers from the Saginaw Bay that spawn in the Rifle River occasionally exhibit tumors, however little is known about what causes them or the effects they have on the fish, which may be concerning to thousands of anglers and dipnetters who sell and…