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Many species of birds have behavioral attributes that aid in their survival: the common raven, Corvus corax, is no exception. Ravens are social birds of high intelligence. They are able to perform complex tasks when first given to them. When…

"Pacific Salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) were introduced into the great lakes region beginning in 1967. Many of Michigan’s trout streams now experience a semelparous salmon run each fall resulting in massive carcass inputs to the stream. Much of the…